![]() ![]() One of the first studies on exercise in humans by Connolly et al. 2006 to 2010: Initial Studies on Muscle Soreness and Strength After Eccentric Exercise TC juice trials in athletes Timeline in TC Juice Research I. Figure outlines the PRISMA search strategy. ![]() Outcomes included pain, inflammatory/oxidative stress blood markers, muscle catabolism markers, strength loss, recovery time, upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS), and performance. Sport/activity included strength sports, endurance sports, and mixed activities. Subjects included recreationally active and well-trained individuals. TC dose ranged from 1 oz of concentrate twice a day to 12 oz nonconcentrate twice a day and further varied in both number of days supplemented before and after an event. Due to significant methodological heterogeneity (cherry juice brand, concentrate vs regular variety, total dose and timing, subjects, sport/activity, and outcomes), pooling of data was unable to be done. A total of 11 randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria. The initial search produced 208 potential articles. Abstracts of conference proceedings, as well as in vitro and animal studies, also were excluded. Studies that did not include relevance to exercise ( e.g., cancer, neuropathy, diabetes, vascular function) and studies that involved multiple supplements in addition to TC were excluded. No data restrictions were used for language, date, subject age. Keywords included Montmorency, TC juice, exercise, sport, athlete, inflammation, oxidative stress, recovery, ergogenic aid, and variations of these search terms. Additional articles were manually searched via Google Scholar. Additionally, reference lists of articles meeting search criteria and articles that cited these studies were screened. MethodsĪ literature search using PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane was performed on December 1, 2016, including all years prior. TC juice represents a more convenient way to ingest a large quantity of these polyphenolic compounds. Initial studies using cherries have demonstrated that consumption of high amounts of whole cherries (45 to 50 a day) can reduce blood inflammatory markers in the general population ( 16,17) however, little was known of its effects on exercise. Previous studies have looked at traditional antioxidants vitamins C and E on recovery from intense exercise with mixed results. It may be especially helpful in those undergoing intense exercise training that may overload the body's natural antioxidant capacity. The high content of polyphenolic compounds in TC, via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, have been proposed to lessen muscle damage, reduce levels of pain, and improve recovery in athletes. Montmorency and Balaton TC varieties have both been studied however, most researchers have used Montmorency brands (more predominant and widely available commercially to athletes).Įxercise is well known to result in oxidative stress, inflammation, and decreased muscle force production. Both tart cherries and sweet (Bing) cherries contain these compounds however, they are present in higher concentrations in tart cherries. ![]() Montmorency, or tart cherries, Prunus cerasus, contains numerous phytochemicals including anthocyanins, flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, isoramnetin), flavanols (catechin, epicatechin), gallic acid equivalents, procyanidins, and phenolic acids ( 30,31). We also report our personal observations with TC and comment on the effects on muscle damage and recovery in the literature. The following review summarizes the current available data on TC in athletes, and provides recommendations and precautions for its potential uses in Sports Medicine. Over the last 10 yr, researchers have begun to investigate cherry juice's potential effects on various parameters, ranging from muscle damage, pain, vascular function, antioxidant activity, and sleep. Clinicians involved in sports medicine often do not have formal nutrition training yet have to field questions from athletes on numerous products. However, supplement and ergogenic aid use in the general public often precedes and outpaces current available research. The use of tart cherry (TC) juice has been rapidly increasing in both elite athletes and the general population. ![]()
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